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国开(中央电大)本科《中国法制史》网上形考(任务1至12)试题及答案(2022年)

发布时间:2022-11-14 19:35:03 来源:网友投稿

下面是小编为大家整理的国开(中央电大)本科《中国法制史》网上形考(任务1至12)试题及答案(2022年),供大家参考。希望对大家写作有帮助!

国开(中央电大)本科《中国法制史》网上形考(任务1至12)试题及答案(2022年)

国开(中央电大)本科《中国法制史》网上形考(任务1至12)试题及答案2篇

国开(中央电大)本科《中国法制史》网上形考(任务1至12)试题及答案篇1

形考任务一

一.填空题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.原始社会经历了和两个阶段。原始群 氏族公社

2.原始社会部落首领通过“”产生。禅让

3.夏朝的第一个帝王是。启

4.《左传.襄公四年》记载:“芒芒禹迹,画为 ,经启 。”九州 九道

5.法的起源经历了从 到、再到的演变与发展过程。习惯 习惯法 成文法

二.单项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.将“法”改为“律”,是在( C )

A.夏朝  B.西周  C.战国时期的秦  D.汉

2.夏朝有五种刑罚,共(D  )条。

A.五百  B.一千  C.二千  D.三千

3.“威侮五刑,怠弃三正”是夏启讨伐有扈式时发布的( B )

A.习惯  B.战争运动员令  C.祭祀  D.礼仪

4.“昏、墨、贼,杀”中的刑名是( D )

A.昏  B.墨  C.贼  D.杀

5.夏朝有“昏、墨、贼,杀”的制度。据叔向解释:“杀人不忌为( C )”。

A.昏  B.墨  C.贼  D.杀

三.多项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.古代法字有多种含义,其中包括( BC )

A.刑  B.公正、不偏不倚  C.限制、强制  D.律

2.夏朝的监狱叫( ABC )

A.圜土  B.夏台  C.均台  D.囹圄

3.“昏、墨、贼,杀”中的罪名是( ABC )

A.昏  B.墨  C.贼  D.杀

4.据东汉郑玄述,夏刑除墨外,还有(ABCD  )

A.大辟  B.膑  C.宫  D.劓

5.夏朝的法律规范包括( AB )

A.禹刑  B.甘誓  C.汤刑  D.汤诰

四.简答题(每小题12.5分,共25分)

1、禹刑

禹刑是夏朝统治者为了纪念他们的祖先,以禹命名的夏朝法律的总称。

2、甘誓

甘誓是夏启在准备讨伐有扈氏时,在"甘"发布的战争动员令。


形考任务二

一.填空题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.《诗.商颂.玄鸟》曰:“天命玄鸟,降而生 商   。”

2.“商有乱政,而作 汤刑    。”

3.商朝的刑事立法指导思想继承了原始社会的  神权法   。

4.荀子总结商朝的法律,总结出“ 刑名从商    ”

5.商朝有一种刑罚,是将犯罪者捣成肉酱,这种刑罚叫做  醢   。

二.单项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1、商汤讨伐夏桀时发布的命令是(  )。《汤誓》

2、炮烙之刑出现于(  )。商朝

3、夏商时期将死刑称为(  )。大辟

4、在奴隶制五刑中,破坏犯罪者的生殖器官,进而残害机能的刑罚是(  )。宫刑

5、商朝法律制度的总称叫做(  )。汤刑

三.多项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.商朝的立法主要有(ABC  )

A.《汤刑》  B.《汤誓》  C.《汤诰》  D.《太甲训》

2.商朝的死刑适用方法有(ABCD  )

A.戮  B.炮烙  C.醢  D.脯

3.奴隶制五刑包括以下的( ABCD )

A.墨刑  B.劓刑  C.刖刑  D.宫刑

4.商朝的罪名主要有( BCD )

A.昏  B.不吉不迪  C.暂遇奸宄  D.不从誓言

5.商朝的监狱称作( ABC )

A.圜土  B.羑里   C.囹圄  D.夏台

四.简答题(每小题12.5分,共25分)

1、商朝刑事立法的指导思想。

商统治者立法的指导思想,仍沿袭了夏朝的神权思想。这种神权思想, 把统治阶级的一切活动,包括他们运用法律的活动,都说成上帝和鬼神的力量。这是同当时的历史条件有着密切关系的。夏商时期,刚刚从生产力极端低下的原始氏族社会进入阶级社会,奴隶主贵族便利用人们对自然界的愚昧无知而形成的对原始图腾和祖先神崇拜的习俗,把自己的统治说成是"受天命",是代表上天对人间进行统治,把他们对奴隶和平民的镇压,以及对其他不服从统治的惩罚,说成是"恭行天罚"。从而给他们的统治和对人民的镇压,披上一层宗教迷信的保护色。

2、商朝继承制度的前后变化。

继承制度也是私有制的产物,王位继承与财产关系的继承是一致的。商初,王位继承是兄终弟及与父死子继并行,但以弟及为主,也就是说,在商初,主要是兄死后,其王位由弟继承,而子继辅之,无弟然后传子。商末则完全实行父死子继,以后又逐渐实行了嫡长继承制。

形考任务三

一.填空题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.西周的“九刑”即在五刑的基础上加上    、    、     、

    四刑。鞭 扑 赎 流

2.西周的刑事立法指导思想是    和    。义刑义杀 明德慎罚

3.西周初期,土地归属王怡人所有,诸侯和臣属对土地只有占用、使用权而无处分权,不许买卖,所谓的“      ” 田里不鬻

4.西周的买卖契约称作     ,关于借贷方面的契约叫做     。质剂 傅别

5.西周将婚姻管理机关叫做      。媒氏

二.单项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.《吕刑》的作者是( D )

A.李悝  B.商鞅  C.邓析  D.吕候

2.西周奴隶制社会的根本法,即成文刑书是(A  )

A.《九刑》  B.《汤诰》  C.《汤刑》  D.《周礼》

3.西周的判例叫( C )

A.决事比  B.廷行事  C.成  D.刑统

4.西周有一种法律形式,是指商代法律规定有利周朝统治的那些内容即(D  )

A.诰  B.礼  C.遗训  D.殷彝

5.西周初期,为了调整统治集团内部的秩序,巩固宗法等级制度,将夏商原有的礼加以补充、厘定使之成为法定的典章制度的那个人是( C )

A.周文王  B.周武王  C.周公  D.周康王

三.多项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.以下关于西周的礼与刑的说法正确的是( ACD )

A.礼盒刑共同构成西周的法

B.西周的礼与刑相比,居于主导地位

C.西周的礼不能脱离刑而发挥职能作用

D.西周的法要通过礼盒刑的相互作用完成阶级统治

2.西周的主要立法有( CD )

A.《工律》  B.《誓命》  C.《吕刑》  D.《九刑》

3.以下属于西周的法律形式的有( ABCD )

A.誓  B.礼  C.遗训  D.殷彝

4.以下属于西周时期定罪量刑原则的有( AB )

A.耄悼之年有罪不加刑  B.区分眚、非眚、非终、惟终

C.关于责任年龄     D.自首减刑

5.“悼执念有罪不加刑”是西周定罪量刑原则之一,其中“”、“悼”分别指( AC )

A.7岁以下  B.70、80岁以上

C.80、90岁以上  D.10岁以下

四.简答题(共25分)

1、简述西周定罪量刑的原则。

(1)耄悼之年有罪不加刑:意即7岁以下,80岁、90岁以上的人犯罪,不处以刑罚。 这一原则的确立标志着我国刑法中关于刑事责任年龄原则已初步确立。(2)区分眚、非眚、非终、惟终:即故意或一贯犯罪从重处罚,过失或偶然犯罪从轻处罚的原则。(3)"慎测浅深之量以别之":依据罪行轻重,对社会危害性大小量刑。(4)罪疑从赦:即对于定罪有一定根据,不定罪也有一定理由的案件,从轻处罚或赦免的原则。这一原则在西周以前已产生,周朝使疑罪从轻从赦原则定型化。

2、简述西周的“六礼”。

六礼是中国古代结婚的六道程序,即纳采、问名、纳吉、纳徵、请期、亲迎。 (1)纳采指男家请媒人去女家提亲,女家答应议婚之后,男家用一只大雁并备上其他礼物前去求婚。 (2)问名指男家请媒人问女家的名字和出生年月日。 (3)纳吉指男家卜得吉兆之后,备礼通知女家,决定缔结婚姻。 (4)纳徵指男家向女家送聘礼。 (5)请期指男家选定婚期,备礼告诉女家,求得同意。 (6)亲迎指新郎亲自去女家迎娶。

3、简述西周的司法机关。

西周的司法机关有:(1)大司寇,全国最高司法机关。(2)小司寇,中央直辖地区的司法机关。(3)士师,国都之内的司法官吏。(4)乡士,国都之外百里之内的司法官吏。(5)遂士,国都百里之外、三百里之内的司法官吏。

4、田里不鬻。

周初,周王对土地和依附在土地上的奴隶拥有最高所有权,周王有权把土地和奴隶封赏给诸侯和臣属,也有权把土地收回。诸侯和臣属对土地只有占有、使用权而无处分权,不许买卖,即所谓的"田里不鬻"。

5、质剂。

质剂是把两份买卖的内容写在竹简上,然后一分为二,买卖双方各执一半 。这种竹简分为长短两种,长(券)叫质,用来买卖奴隶或牛马等;
短(券)叫剂,用来买卖兵器或珍异物品。

6、五听。

五听是指审判官在审判活动中观察当事人心理活动的五种方法,即辞听、色听、气听、耳听、目听。这种察言观色的审讯方法,是奴隶主阶级在长期的司法审判实践中的经验总结,也是最早对犯罪心理分析的的尝试,虽然是形而上学的,但有一定的借鉴意义。

形考任务四

一.填空题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.礼制的原则是    和      。亲亲 尊尊

2.春秋时期,随着经济基础的变化,郡县制取代了        。分封制

3.春秋时期郑国的子产“铸    于鼎,以为国之常法”。

刑书

4.春秋时期邓析作     ,是郑国第二次公布成文法。竹刑

5.春秋以前,奴隶主贵族不公布成文法的目的是“  ”,威不测,则民畏上也。刑不可知

二.单项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.晋国赵鞅公布成文法时遭到( B )的反对。

A.孔子  B.叔向  C.商鞅  D.子产

2.子产是春秋时期( A )的贵族。

A.郑国  B.晋国  C.楚国  D.魏国

3.我国第一次公布成文法的人是春秋郑过得( D )

A.孔子  B.叔向  C.商鞅  D.子产

4.春秋时期最早公布成文法的是( B )

A.晋国  B.郑国  C.楚国  D.齐国

5.竹刑的作者是春秋郑国的( A )

A.邓析  B.叔向  C.商鞅  D.子产

三.多项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.楚国在楚文王和楚庄王时两次指定法律,分别称作( AC )

A.仆区法  B.刑书  C.茆门法  D.竹刑

2.战国时期法制指导思想是( BCD )

A.明德慎罚  B.“不别亲疏,不殊贵贱,一断于法”

C.“法者,编著之图籍,设之于官府,而布之于百姓者也”

D.行刑,“重其轻者”

3.商鞅两次变法的重点分别是( BD )

A.指定法经  B.打击奴隶主贵族的政治势力

C.善平籴

D.废除奴隶制的土建制度

4.郑国两次公布法律,公布者分别是(AD  )

A.子产  B.赵鞅  C.商鞅  D.邓析

5.春秋时期基本特点是( ABCD )

A.井田制被破坏  B.王权旁落

C.宗法制松弛   D.法制取代礼治

四.简答题(每小题5分,共25分)

1、郑、晋两国公布成文法的措施及所引起的论争。

(1)公布成文法的措施 郑国公元前536年,郑国的执政子产“铸刑书于鼎,以为国之常法”,第一次正式公布成文法典。公元前501年,郑国公布由邓析私造并写在竹简上的竹刑。晋国曾制定“被庐之法’、”常法“,但未公布于众。直至公元前513年,晋国将范宣子的刑书铸在鼎上,正式公布成文法。 (2)公布成文法所引起的论争郑国子产公布刑书时,遭到晋国以叔向为代表的旧贵族的反对。晋国铸刑鼎,遭到孔丘的反对。叔向和孔子都认为公布成文法,百姓就会引征法条为自己辩护,这样便破坏了尊卑贵贱的等级制度。但他们的反对未能阻挡成文法公布的历史潮流。

2、公布成文法的意义。

成文法的制定和公布,在一定程度上限制了旧贵族的特权,标志着奴隶制的瓦解,促进了封建生产关系的发展,反映了新兴地主阶级的要求,为封建法制的形成奠定了基础。但由于其锋芒仍然是指向劳动人民的,从这个意义上说,它加强了对劳动人民的统治。

3商鞅变法的内容及其历史意义。

第一次变法的重点是打击奴隶主贵族的政治势力。具体内容是:整顿户籍,立连坐法防止隐匿坏人;
奖励告奸;
奖励农业生产;
奖励军功。 第二次变法的重点是废除奴隶制的土地制度。具体内容是:重申“民有二男以上不分异者,倍其赋”的禁令;
取消分封制,普遍建立郡县制;
废除井田制,确立封建土地私有制;
统一度量衡制度。 通过变法改革,促进了封建生产关系的发展, 使得秦国国势日强,为后来秦始皇统一大业奠定了基础。

4战国时期立法指导思想的主要内容。

(1)“不别亲疏,不殊贵贱,一断于法”--不论是谁,只要违法犯罪,都要按法律论罪处刑,以打破奴隶制“刑不上大夫”的壁垒。 (2)“法者,编著之图籍,设之于官府,而布之于百姓者也”--制定成文法,向百姓公布,使人人皆知法而又有法可依。否定“刑不可知,则威不可测”的秘密法。 (3)“重其轻者”--定罪量刑时,加重对轻罪的处罚。

5、《法经》的主要内容及其历史意义。

《法经》是我国封建社会最早的一部粗具体系的法典,由战国初期魏国的李悝制定。 《法经》 共有盗、贼、囚、捕、杂、具六篇。其阶级本质是:锋芒指向劳动人民,《法经》开宗明义规定盗、贼两篇,认为“王者之政莫急于盗贼”,表明镇压盗贼是地主阶级专政的主要任务;
维护君主专制;
维护封建等级制。 《法经》在我国法制史上具有重要意义。首先,《法经》初步确立了封建法制的基本原则和体系,是后世封建法典的蓝本;
 其次,《法经》对当时封建经济的形成和巩固起到了一定的积极作用。

形考任务五

一.填空题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.公元前年秦朝颁布了“    ”的法令,在全国实行土地私有制。使黔首自实田

2.秦始皇为了加强文化思想领域的专制统治,统一人们的意识形态,发动了“    ”事件。焚书坑儒

3.秦朝采用“     ”思想作为自己统治思想的基础。法家

4.秦朝提出“法令由统一”,意思是说,全国不仅实施统一的法律,而且最高立法权属于

        。皇帝

5.秦始皇乐以“刑杀为威”,后人评价“秦法繁于 ,而网密于 。”秋茶 凝脂

二.单项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.秦朝关于案件的调查、勘验、审讯等程序的文件程式的法律形式是( c )

A.令  B.式  C.法律答问  D.廷行事

2.秦朝的法廷成例叫做( B )

A.成  B.廷行事  C.式  D.法律答问

3.在秦朝中央的三公中,掌管军事的是( B )

A.丞相  B.太尉  C.御史大夫  D.奉常

4.秦朝对官吏考课的内容是(A  )

A.三重选官法  B.五善五失  C.盗徒封  D.公室告

5.秦朝有一种将罪犯活着投入水中使其淹死的刑罚,是( A )

A.定杀  B.醢  C.枭首  D.具五刑

三.多项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.秦始皇建立了统一的多民族专制主义国家后,统一了( ABCD )

A.文字  B.货币  C.度量衡  D.车轨

2.秦朝立法指导思想包括( ABC )

A.法令由一统  B.事皆决于法  C.以刑杀为威  D.明德慎罚

3.秦朝的“以刑杀为威”的意思是( AC )

A.法网严密  B.滥施刑罚  C.严刑重罚  D.最高立法权属于皇帝

4.《睡虎地秦墓竹简》经后人整理,内容包括( ABCD )

A.《秦律18种》  B.《效率》  C.秦律杂抄  D.《法律答问》

5.秦朝的法律形式有( BC )

A.春秋经义  B.法律答问  C.廷刑事  D.比

四.简答题(每小题5分,共25分)

1、秦国的立法指导思想。

(1)法令由一统,全国都要实行统一的法律令,并且最高立法权属于皇帝。(2)事皆决于法,要求凡事皆有法式,这是战国时期新兴地主阶级“依法治国”的主张。(3)以刑杀为威,主要表现在法网严密和严刑重罚。

2、秦朝的“读鞫”是什么?

秦汉时期,把宣读判决书称为“读鞫”。

3、请简要说明云梦秦简。

1975年12月,在湖北云梦城关睡虎地十一号墓地发掘出大量记载秦朝法律令的竹简,共1155枚。竹简上记载的法律文书包括《秦律十八种》、《效律》、《秦律杂抄》、《法律答问》、《封诊式》。

4、简述秦朝的“公室告”和“非公室告”。

秦朝的“公室告”和“非公室告”是根据当事人的诉讼地位划分的两种诉讼形式。(1) “公室告”,即控告他人的贼、盗行为,官府予以受理。 (2)“非公室告”,即父母对儿女盗窃自己财产的行为提出控告,儿子对父母、奴婢对主人加诸在自己身上的刑罚提出的控告,官府不予受理。

5简述秦朝关于官营手工业管理方面的立法。

为保证产品质量和数量,秦朝规定了《工律》、《均工律》、《工人程》。(1)关于产品规格。要求产品规格要一致;
为保障产品质量,秦朝建立了生产责任制和产品检查评比制度,对评为下等不合质量标准的,加以惩罚;
为追查产品生产责任,在生产的器物上都刻有制作官署名和工匠名。 (2)关于产品定额、劳动力计算方法。根据季节、劳动工种、性别、年龄、熟练程度用不同的折合办法计算产品数量。

形考任务六

一.填空题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.汉武帝时期,为了加强皇权,以“天人合一”思想为皇帝制度制造一套理论,提出了“     ”说。君权神授

2.汉初至文景时期,汉朝的统治思想以       为主,辅以法家思想。黄老思想

3.汉高祖刘邦进入咸阳,与奉民约法三章:“       ”。

杀人者死,伤人及盗抵罪

4.汉朝将用来比照断案的典型判例叫做        。比

5.在三公中,最高监察,监察百官的是          。御史大夫

二.单项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.“君权神授”理论的最早提出者是( D )

A.秦始皇  B.李斯  C.刘邦  D.董仲舒

2.皇帝制度的理论化、神秘化,开始于( C )

A.四周  B.秦朝  C.汉朝  D.唐朝

3.汉初至文景时期的法制指导思想的主导是( A )

A.黄老思想  B.法家思想  C.儒家思想  D.道家思想

4.汉武帝之后,汉朝的法律指导思想的核心是( C )

A.A.黄老思想  B.法家思想  C.儒家思想  D.道家思想

5.汉武帝之后,法制指导思想的核心是( B )

A.约法省刑  B.德主刑辅  C.秋冬行刑  D.德刑并用

三.多项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.“约法三章”的主要内容包括( ABC )

A.杀人者死  B.伤人抵罪  C.盗抵罪  D.大逆死

2.《九章律》在秦朝六律的基础上,增加了( ABC )

A.户律  B.兴律  C.厩律  D.具律

3.汉律六十篇包括( ABCD )

A.《九章律》  B.《朝律》  C.《傍章律》  D.《越宫律》

4.汉朝的法律形式有( ABCD )

A.律  B.令  C.科  D.比

5.汉朝官吏的选拔途径包括以下的( ABCD )

A.从开国功臣中选拔  B.通过中央的“太学”培养

C.征辟  D.察举

四.简答题(每小题2.5分,共25分)

1、两汉的法律形式。

律--经常适用的基本法律形式,具有相对而言的稳定性和普遍的适用性。

令--即皇帝的命令,是根据需要随时颁布的,其法律效力高于律,可以变更或代替律的有关规定。

科--由秦代的“课”发展而来,是针对某类事的一个方面制定的法律文书。比--比即可以用来作为比照断案的典型判例,也叫“决事比”。

春秋决狱--汉朝在断案时,如遇律无正条,又无适当判例可依的情况下,便以儒家经典著作《春秋》中的 经义附会法律作为断案的依据。法律解释--汉朝私家注律颇为盛行,只有政府认可的才具有法律效力。

2、九章律的简要情况。

汉王朝建立后,刘邦命萧何参照秦律作律九章,即在秦六律的基础上增加《户律》 (主要规定户籍、赋税和婚姻之事)、《兴律》(主要规定征发徭役、城防守备之事)、《厩律》(主要规定牛马畜牧和驿传之事)三章,合为九章。《九章律》是汉朝一代的大法,也是汉律的核心部分。

3、亲亲得相首匿。

亲亲得相首匿是汉朝定罪量刑的原则之一,指一定范围的亲属之间除谋反、大逆以外,可以互相首谋隐匿犯罪而不负刑事责任。最早提出这一伦理原则的是孔子,将该伦理原则上升为刑罚适用原则的是西汉宣帝。

4、贵族官僚有罪先请。

贵族官僚有罪先请是汉朝定罪量刑的原则之一,即一定级别的官僚贵族犯罪后,一般司法机关不得擅自处理,须奏请皇帝,由皇帝根据其官职高低、功劳大小等因素,决定刑罚的适用及减免。

5、春秋经义的含义。

汉朝在断案时,如遇律无正条,又无适当判例可依的情况下,便以儒家经典著作《春秋》中的 经义附会法律作为断案的依据。因此,《春秋》经义成为汉朝的一种法律形式。

6、两汉的继承制度。

王位继承--实行嫡长继承制,强调父死子继。汉律不承认“非子”(非亲生之子)、“非正”(非嫡妻之子)的爵位继承权。

财产继承--在土地和其他财物的继承上,汉代出现诸子均分财产的情况。

7、两汉的契约关系。

买卖契约--汉代买卖契约叫券书。凡建立买卖关系要订立契约,一式两份,买卖双方各执其一,日后发生纠纷,则以契约为证。

债务契约--汉律注重保护债权人利益,规定债务人违期不还,要承担法律责任。

同时,汉代明确规定利率,超过法定利率者叫“取息过律”,要受到惩罚

8、汉朝的司法机关。

皇帝掌握最高司法审判权。

中央最高司法审判机关称作廷尉,主要负责审理皇帝制诏移送的案件,也审理地方重大疑难案件。

地方司法机关由地方行政长官郡守、县令兼理,郡设专职司法官吏“决曹掾”。

9、汉朝的立法指导思想。

 约法省禁--汉初立法的指导思想。即法令要简约,刑网要宽疏。

德刑并用--汉朝武帝时期确立的立法指导思想,强调以道德教化为主,刑罚惩治为辅, 把刑、礼结合起来使用。

顺天行刑--由董仲舒提出而被汉武帝采纳。主张司法机关在霜降之后万物肃杀之际断狱行刑,以顺应天时。

10、汉朝刑制改革的主要内容及其意义。

以缇萦上书为起因,公元前167年汉文帝下诏废除肉刑,丞相张苍和御史大夫冯敬共同议定了修改现行刑制的方案,并得到文帝的批准。其具体内容是:以徒刑、笞 刑、死刑分别取代墨刑、劓刑和剕刑。即墨刑改为髡钳城旦舂,劓刑改为笞300,斩左趾改为笞500, 斩右趾改为弃市。

由于上述方案扩大了死刑范围,加重了刑罚的残酷程度,因此景帝时期进一步改革,内容涉及两个方面。第一、减少笞数。最终将劓刑改为笞100,斩左趾改为笞200;
第二、制定法令规范笞刑。规定刑具规格、受刑部位以及中途不准更换行刑人等。意义:文景时期废除肉刑的改革,在中国法制史上意义重大。它是中国古代刑制由野蛮阶段进入较为文明 阶段的标志,而且也有利于封建经济的发展,同时为封建制五刑的建立奠定了基础。

形考任务七

一.填空题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.魏律改具律为    ,并冠于律首。刑名

2.正式规定维护封建统治阶级特权的“八议”条款是《      》魏律

3.在晋律里,将以夺爵、除名、免官来抵罪的制度称为       。杂抵罪

4.北齐律的篇目为        篇。十二

5.北齐律确定了“      ”,为后世的“十恶”提供了范例。重罪十条

二.单项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.“八议”最早规定在( C )

A.魏律  B.晋律  C.北齐律  D.北魏律

2.开始区分律和令的是( B )

A.晋律  B.齐律  C.魏律  D.蜀律

3.以下确定封建制法典十二篇体例的是( A )

A.魏律  B.晋律  C.北齐律  D.北魏律

4.北周的中央审判机关叫做( D )

A.廷尉  B.大理寺  C.大理院  D.秋官大司寇

5.中国古代设置“登闻鼓”始于( B )

A.曹魏  B.西晋  C.北魏  D.随

三.多项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.魏律对两汉相沿的旧律法进行了改革,主要措施有( ABC )

A.篇条由九章增加到十六章  B.改具律为刑名,冠于律首

C.正式规定了“八议”条款  D.规定了“重罪十条”

2.为晋律作注释的有( BC )

A.羊祜  B.杜预  C.张裴  D.裴楷

3.晋律较魏律的重大发展是( ABCD )

A.严格区别律令的界限  B.法律概念进一步规范化

C.“礼律并重”,如第一次将“服制”列入律典

D.规定了保护地主阶级特权的法律,如专门规定了“杂抵罪”

4.北齐律在魏律、晋律基础上又有所发展,主要体现在( BCD )

A.定律十二篇  B.确定了“重罪十条”

C.确定了死、流、徒、鞭、杖五刑

D.确定了“八议”

5.三国两晋南北朝时期的立法有了重大的发展,主要表现在( ABC )

A.“八议”入律  B."官当"入律

C.确立了“重罪十条”  D.确立了“封建制五刑”

四.简答题(共25分)

1、试述“八议”。

所谓“八议”,即“议亲”(皇帝宗室亲戚)、“议故”(皇帝故旧)、“议贤”(有封建德行的人)、“议能”(有才干的人)、“议功”(对封建国家有大功勋者)、“议贵”(大官僚贵族)、“议勤”(为封建国家服务卓著勤劳的人)、“议宾”(前朝的统治者及其后代)。这八类人犯罪,依法享有免刑或减刑的特权。这种制度使得贵族官僚地主更全面地获得了凌驾于法律之上的特权,加深了广大人民的苦难。罪疑从赦:即对于定罪有一定根据,不定罪也有一定理由的案件,从轻处罚或赦免的原则。这一原则在西周以前已产生,周朝使疑罪从轻从赦原则定型化。

2、试述“重罪十条”。

“重罪十条”即后世封建法典之“十恶”,始于北齐律。它是将危及封建国家根本利益的十条最严重的罪名,集中置于律首,以强调这十种犯罪是打击的主要对象。北齐律规定的重罪十条分别是:反逆、大逆、叛、降、恶逆、不道、不敬、不孝、不义、内乱。犯这十种罪,不在八议的论赎范围之内。隋唐直至明清封建法典所规定的“十恶”,就是在此基础上稍加损益而成的。北齐律所规定的重罪十条包罗了封建宗法制度的各个方面,进一步把礼法结合起来,使法律更好地维护君主至高无上的权利和封建统治的秩序。

3、官当。

北魏和南陈的法律创立了“官当”制度,即允许以官品或爵位抵罪。北魏律规定:公、侯、伯、子、男五等爵位,每等爵位可抵三年徒刑。南陈律规定了可以用官位折抵不同期限的徒刑。这种官当制度,进一步赋予封建官僚以法律特权,使其可以逃脱法律制裁。

4、北齐律。

 南北朝时期北齐的法典,共12篇,949条,篇目依次为名例、禁卫、婚户、擅兴、违制、诈伪、斗讼、贼盗、捕断、毁损、厩牧、杂律。它沿用了前代法律中的“八议”,新列了“重罪十条”,以“科条简要”而著称,是南北朝后期一部具有代表性的法典,对以后的隋唐律产生了重要的影响。

形考任务八

一.填空题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.《开皇律》确定了封建制五刑,即      、      、      、

       、       。死×流×徒×扙×笞  

2.将北齐律的“重罪十条”发展为“十恶”大罪的法典是《     》。开皇律 

3.唐初立法指导思想    ,    ,    。礼刑并用×法令简约×宽仁慎罚

4.《水徽律疏》云:“德礼为政教之  ,刑罚为政教之 ,犹昏晓秋相须而成也”。

本×用

5.唐高祖武德四年,政局趋于稳定,根据唐初的社会情况,制定自己的法典,于武德七年完成,称为《     》。武德律

二.单项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.最早规定封建制五刑的法典是(B  )

A.《大业律》  B.《开皇律》  C.《九章律》  D.《贞观律》

2.唐宣宗时期,将刑律分类为门,附以有关的令、格、式、编成( B )

A.《大唐六典》  B.《大中刑律统类》

C.《武德律》   D.《贞观律》

3.唐律关于户籍、赋役、土地、婚姻方面的内容规定( C )律。

A.《卫禁》  B.《职制》  C.《户婚》  D.《斗讼》

4.最早确立“十恶”罪名的封建法典是(D  )

A.《唐六典》  B.《北周律》  C.《大业律》  D.。《开皇律》

5.在唐朝遇重大案件,常由大理寺聊会同刑尚书、御史中丞共同审理,叫做( B )

A.三司使  B.三司推誓  C.小三法司会审  D.大三法司会审

三.多项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.唐朝从积极放慢规定行为准则的法律形式有( BCD )

A.律  B.令  C.格  D.式

2.唐朝中央司法机关包括( ABD )

A.大理寺  B.刑部  C.督察员  D.御史台

3.唐律规定承审如与当事人有( BCD )关系者,须回避。

A.借贷  B.亲属  C.师生  D.仇隙

4.唐朝财政立法主要有( BC )

A.一条鞭法  B.两税法  C.租庸调法  D.重法地法

5.唐朝监察机关御史下设( ABC )

A.台院  B.殷院  C.察院  D.审刑院

四.简答题(共25分)

1、《开皇律》的主要内容及历史意义。

隋文帝时期制定颁行, 共12篇500条。其以北齐律为蓝本,更定刑名为笞、杖、徒、流、死五刑,废除前代车裂等酷刑;
规定"八议"之制,以维护贵族官僚地主的特权;
将北齐律的"重罪十条"发展为"十恶"大罪,加强对危害封建统治秩序行为的镇压。

《开皇律》上承汉律的源流,下开唐律的先河,在中国法制史上占有重要地位。

2、唐朝的法律形式。

有律、令、格、式四种。

律是刑事法规,相当于近代的刑法典;
令是关于国家体制和基本制度的法规;
格是国家机关各部门在日常工作中据以办事的行政法规;
式是国家机关的公文程式。

律、令、格、式,互为配合,互相补充,构成了唐王朝完备的法律体系。

3、《唐六典》的简要情况。

唐玄宗开元年间制定,内容涉及国家机关职掌和活动的各个方面,是中国封建时代最早的一部综合性行政法典。是中国封建法制趋于完备的标志之一。

4、《唐律疏议》的简要情况。

唐高宗永徽年间,以《贞观律》为基础编纂出《永徽律》,十二篇,500条。此后又对500条律文逐条逐句进行注释,并附在律文之后,称作疏议。律与疏具有同等法律效力,合称《永徽律疏》,是唐代法典的代表作。后人又称之为《唐律疏议》。

5、十恶制度。

以隋唐为代表的封建法律所规定的十种最严重的犯罪总称。犯十恶者要受到严厉处罚,为"常赦所不原",并不得享有议、请、减等优待办法。

一曰谋反,就是以各种手段反对以专制君主为代表的封建国家统治的行为。

二曰谋大逆,就是预谋毁坏宗庙山陵及宫阙的行为。

三曰谋叛,主要指本朝官吏叛国投敌或以所据地方投降敌国的行为。

四曰恶逆,指殴打和杀害尊亲属。

五曰不道,指"杀一家非死罪三人及支解人,造畜蛊毒、厌魅"。

六曰大不敬,凡对皇帝的人身、尊严有所侵犯的行为,都可以构成此罪。

七曰不孝,凡告发、诅咒、斥骂祖父母、父母者,别籍异财,供养有缺的行为等,都构成不孝罪。

八曰不睦,即亲族间互相侵犯的行为。

九曰不义,就是卑下侵犯非血缘尊长的行为。

十曰内乱,即家族内部犯奸的行为。

6、唐律的刑法原则。

(1)划分公罪、私罪。对官吏犯私罪的处刑,重于公罪。(2)自首减免刑罚。(3)共犯区别首从。共犯以造意为首,亦即以主谋为首犯,处重刑;
随从者减一等。(4)二罪以上俱发,以重者论。对于一人同时犯有二种以上罪行所处的刑罚,根据其中的重罪论处。(5)累犯加重。(6)同居相隐。唐律发展了汉律关于"亲亲得相首匿"的原则,容隐范围扩大到奴婢为主人隐,但谋反、谋叛、谋大逆者不用此律。(7)比况类推。"诸断罪无正条,其应出罪者,则举重以明轻;
其应入罪者,则举轻以明重。"(8)老小废疾减免刑罚。(9)涉外案件的处理原则,即同属一个国家的外国人,自相侵犯时,根据该国的法律来处理;
如果中国人与外国人或两个不同国籍的外国人互相侵犯时,则按唐朝的法律处理。(10)同罪异罚。唐律把社会成员分为贵族官僚、平民、贱民三个等级,并规定了相应的法律地位。他们之间若发生侵犯,则实行同罪异罚。

7、唐朝的经济立法。

(1)土地立法--"均田令"。武德年间颁布。规定:丁男和18岁以上中男受田100亩,其中80亩为"口分田",20亩为"永业田" ;
"永业田"归私人所有,可以继承和在一定条件下买卖。"口分田"则归国家所有,不准买卖,身死后由国家收回。(2)财政立法"租庸调法"。

武德年间颁布。规定:租--每丁每年向国家缴纳栗二石;
庸--每丁岁役20日,若不役则收其庸;
调--每丁岁纳绢2丈、棉3两等。"两税法"。建元年间颁行。第一,中央根据财政支出定出总税额,各地依照中央分配的数目向当地人户征收;
第二,土著户和客居户都编入现居州县的户籍,依照丁壮和财产(包括土地和杂资财)的多少定户等;
第三,两税分夏秋两次征收;
第四,租庸调和一切杂徭、杂税全都取消,惟丁额不废;
第五,两税依户等纳钱,依田亩纳栗;
第六,没有固定住所的商人,所在州县依照其收入征收三分之一的税。(3)工商立法--唐律对手工业的主要产品布帛的规格作了统一的规定。为了保证手工业产品的质量,还规定了责任制。唐王朝为管理商业,专门设置了主管市场的官吏--"市司" 。商业所使用的度量衡器(斛、斗、秤、度),每年八月由官府"平校"并印署,然后听用。

8、唐朝的民事立法。

唐律关于物权的规定:首先,唐律严格保护所有人对物的占有、使用、收益和处分之权,严格禁止他人侵犯。其次,唐律还规定了物权取得的条件。

唐律关于债权的规定:首先,唐律规定了买卖、借贷、赁庸、寄托等债的关系。其次,唐律规定了"债务担保"的规范。其基本精神是,债务人原则上负给付的责任,先以"财产负责" 、次以"人身折酬" ;
若违契不偿,债主可以"牵掣" ,告官者官府"强制履行" 。

9、唐律的主要特点及历史地位。

唐律的主要特点 :(1)规范详备、科条简要 。(2)中典治国、用刑持平。

(3)诸法合体、以刑为主。(4)依礼制刑、礼法合一。唐律的历史地位 :(1)唐律是一部完备的具有代表性的封建法典,在漫长的封建法制发展史中,处于承先启后的重要历史地位。(2)唐律对亚洲许多国家的封建立法也有重要的示范作用。(上述要点需展开)

10、唐朝的司法机关。

(1)中央司法机关为大理寺、刑部、御史台。

大理寺是中央最高审判机关,负责审理中央百官犯罪与京师徒以上案件,以及地方移送的死刑疑案。

刑部为中央司法行政机关,负责审核大理寺及州县审判的案件,发现可疑,徒、流以下案件驳令原审机关重审或迳行复判,死刑案则移交大理寺重审。

御史台为中央最高监察机关,负责监督大理寺和刑部的司法活动,也参与某些案件的审判。

(2)地方司法机关仍由行政长官兼理,直接管理诉讼的属吏州一级有司法参军,县设司法佐史等。

11、唐朝的监察制度。

唐朝的监察机关是御史台,以御史大夫为最高长官,御史中丞二人为辅佐。其下设台院、殿院、察院。

台院和殿院的御史主要纠察中央及京城的各级官吏;
察院御史则巡察州县,纠察地方官吏的违法失职行为。御史台的主要任务是监督国家各级官吏是否遵守法律,以整顿"吏治"、提高国家机关的效能。

形考任务九

一.填空题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.我国历史上第一部刊版印行的封建法典是        。《宋刑统》

2.在中国历史上,以刑律为主,将其他刊事性质的敕、令、格、式分载在律文之后,依律目分门别类地加以汇编的法规,叫作“   ”或“   ”。

刑律统类×刑统

3.宋朝把日积月累的单行敕令,加以分类整理,删去重复矛盾之处,然后再颁布,使之具有普遍的法律效力,就是所谓的“      ”。

编敕

4.宋朝立法活动的主要特点是“      ”和“      ”。

编敕×以敕代律

5.宋仁宗嘉祐中期,加重处罚犯罪,开始实行“      ”法。重法地

二.单项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.法典体例在宋朝发生了变化,采用( C )作为法律形式。

A.法律答问  B.春秋经义  C.刑统  D.会典

2.宋朝将判案的成例叫做( C )

A.成  B.廷刑事  C.断案  D.比

3.宋朝尚书省和中央其他官署对某事所作的指示或决定,对以后同类事件具有约束力,与敕、令并行,这种法律形式叫做( C )

A.断例  B.指挥  C.申明  D.看详

4.宋朝中央官署可依就某项法令作解释,所作的解释叫做( C )

A.断例  B.指挥  C.申明  D.看详

5.宋朝中央官署根据过去敕文或其他案卷所作为的决定,叫做( D )

A.断例  B.指挥  C.申明  D.看详

三.多项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.宋朝的法律形式出了敕、令、格、式外,还有( ABCD )

A.看详  B.断例  C.指挥  D.申明

2.宋朝立法的主要特点是( CD )

A.指定会典  B.以格代律  C.编敕  D.以敕代律

3.宋朝伟了加重对“盗贼”的处刑,先后实行了( AB )

A.“重法地”法  B.“盗贼重法”  C.枉法赃  D.折杖法

4.根据宋朝法律规定,典卖与一般卖的区别有( ABC )

A.典卖是活卖,一般卖是绝卖  B.典卖可以收赎,一般卖不可以收赎

C.典价比卖价低得多D.典价比卖价高得多

5.宋朝初年,意在减轻刑罚而收刑平政盛之功,指定了(AB  )

A.凌迟  B.折杖法  C.刺配之法  D.族夷

四.简答题(共25分)

1、刑统。

按照新的体例编纂的刑书。一般以刑律为主,将其他刑事性质的敕、令、格、式分载在律文各条之后,依律目分门别类地加以汇编。

2、凌迟。

中国古代最残酷的生命刑。宋代广泛使用。古书记载的一种行刑方法为:“凌迟者先断其肢体,次绝其吭,当时之极法也。”

3、元朝对“恤囚”制度的发展。

元朝对“恤囚”制度的发展,主要表现在:实行轻重异处、男女异室,有病者给医药,病重者去枷锁;
狱官若以重为轻、以急为缓,或医疗不及时而致囚死损者,该官吏要坐罪;
非强盗,不加酷刑;
重事需加拷讯者,由长贰僚佐会议立案,然后施行。

4、"重法地"法。

"重法地"法即凡在所谓的"重法地"犯罪,加重处罚。开始以开封府诸县为重法地,以强化首都的治安。以后逐渐扩展,河北、淮南、福建等地皆用重法。"

5、宋刑统。

宋朝初年,为了加强皇帝对司法权的控制,在中央设刑部和大理寺分掌司法之外,于建隆年间设置审刑院。规定:全国奏报的重大案件,大理寺审判,刑部复核后,再由审刑院评议,上中书省送请皇帝决定。

形考任务十

一.填空题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.明朝的开国皇帝朱元璋的立法指导思想是 , , 。重典治乱世×礼刑并用×加强法制宣传

2.为防止臣下结党,最早设置奸党罪名的是 大诰

3.中国历史上最后一部封建法典是《      》。大清律例

4.清朝惩罚异端思想,推行文化专制政策的形式是        。文字狱 

5.中国封建社会国家对某些重要的商品实行专管的制度称为    。禁榷制度

二.单项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.《大明律》编修体例上的一大变化是( A )

A.篇目改为七篇  B.名例律列于律首

C.律后附敕    D.律疏结合

2.为防止臣下结党,最早设置奸党罪名的是( C )

A.宋刑统  B.北齐律  C.大明律  D.唐律疏议

3.封建建行政法典之大成的法典是( B )

A.大清律例  B.大清会典  C.刑部现行则例  D.学政全书

4.清朝中央司法机关专掌复核的是( C )

A.刑部  B.御史台  C.大理寺  D.检察院

5.旧中国起草的第一部半殖民地半封建的民法典是(  )。《大清民律草案》

三.多项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.《大清新刑律》所规定的主刑有( ABCD )。

A.有期徒刑  B.死刑  C.无期徒刑  D.拘役

2.《大清民律草案》的亲属和继承两篇由( CD )共同起草

A.资政院  B.谘议局  C.修订法律馆  D.理学馆

3.《大清新刑律》中的从刑包括( BD )。

A.罚金  B.褫夺公权  C.剥夺政治权利  D.没收

4.《大清新刑律》从体例上分( CD )。

A.吏、户、礼、兵、刑、工  B.名例

C.分则D.总则

5.清朝统治者认为立宪有三大利:( ABC )。

A.外患渐轻  B.内乱可弥 C.皇位永固  D.实现民主

四.简答题(共25分)

1、领事裁判权

指凡是外国在中国的侨民成为民刑诉讼的被告时,如他本国与中国订有不平等条约,则中国法庭无权裁判,只能由他本国的领事按照他本国的法律裁判。最早开始于1843年的《五口通商章程》。

2、简述清末《法院编制法》中规定的审级制度。

按照《法院编制法》的规定,清末的司法审判机关划分为,初级审判厅、地方审判厅、高等审判厅和大理院。在司法审级上实行四级三审制,即:向初级审判厅起诉的案件,不服,可上诉到地方审判厅直至高等审判厅;向地方审判厅起诉的案件,不服,可上诉到高等审判厅直至大理石。

3《钦定宪法大纲》。

清末预备立宪的一部宪法性文件,光绪三十四年颁布,中国法制史上首部近代宪法意义的法律文件。大纲的内容基本抄自1898年日本帝国宪法。共二十三条,分正文和附录两部份。

4《十九信条》。

清末预备立宪的一部宪法性文件。辛亥革命爆发后不久制定和通过。在体例与内容上不同于《钦定宪法大纲》。

5《大清民律草案》。

《大清民律草案》是旧中国起草的第一部民法典,但由于清政府很快被推翻而未颁布。共五编,分别是总则、债权、物权、亲属、继承。总则、债权、物权三编由日本法学家家起草,采用资本主义的民法原则。亲属和继承两编由修订法律馆会同礼学馆起草,沿袭中国封建制法律的原则。

6《大清现行刑律》。

沈家本根据《大清律例》删改而成《大清现行刑律》。它取消吏、户、礼、兵、刑、工诸律目,把继承、分产、婚姻、田宅、钱债等纯属民事的条款分出,不再科刑,以示民、刑有别。同时废除了凌迟等酷刑,用罚金取代了笞刑和杖刑。它是一部在新刑律颁布以前的过渡性法典。

7《大清新刑律》。

沈家本主持制定《大清新刑律》,由日本法学家冈田朝太郎等起草。它是旧中国颁布的第一部刑法典,采取了资产阶级的刑法体例和原则。在体例上,分总则和分则两篇,刑名分主刑和从刑两种。在刑法原则上,采取了资产阶级的"罪行法定"的原则。

形考任务十一

一.填空题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.清廷改革中央官制,御前会议确定按照“      ”的原则进行。五不议

2.中国法制史上首部具有近代宪法意义的法律文件是   。《钦定宪法大纲》 

3.外国侵略者强迫中国缔结的不平等条约中所规定的一种非法特权是  。领事裁判权

4.清末修订法律,确定了“      ,博稽中外”的修律方针。参考古今

5.清廷在大理寺院内设立       ,作为最高检查机关。总检察厅

二.单项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.模仿资产阶级国家制定的我国第一个单行法院组织法规是( B )

A.《民事诉讼律草案》  B.《大理寺审判编织法》

C.《刑事诉讼律草案》  D.太平天国

2.在我国,程序法和实体法分开,始于( B )

A.清朝初期  B.鸦片战争后清朝

C.中华民国  D.太平天国

3.鸦片战争后清朝专门负责来公司行政的机关是( D )

A.大理狱 B.大理院  C.大理寺  D.法部

4.清末成立( B ),进行大规模的修律。

A.礼学馆  B.修订法律馆  C.刑部  D.大三法司

5.旧中国起草的第一部半殖民地半封建的民法典是( D )

A.《中华民国约法》  B.《清会典》  C.《唐六典》  D.《大清民律草案》

三.多项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.《大清新刑律》所规定的主刑有( ABCD )

A.死刑  B.无期徒刑  C.有期徒刑  D.拘役

2.《大清民律草案》的亲属和继承两篇由( CD )共同起草

A.谘议局  B.资政院  C.修订法律馆  D.理学馆

3.《大清新刑律》中的从刑包括( AB )

A.褫夺公权  B.没收  C.罚金  D.剥夺政治权利

4.《大清新刑律》从体例上分( AC )

A.总则  B.名例  C.分则  D.吏、户、礼、兵、刑、工

5.清朝统治者认为立宪有三大利:( ABC )

A.皇位永固  B.外患渐轻  C.内乱可弥  D.实现民主

四.简答题(共25分)

1、领事裁判权。

指凡是外国在中国的侨民成为民刑诉讼的被告时,如他本国与中国订有不平等条约,则中国法庭无权裁判,只能由他本国的领事按照他本国的法律裁判。最早开始于年的《五口通商章程》。

2、简述清末《法院编制法》中规定的审级制度。

按照《法院编制法》的规定,清末的司法审判机关划分为,初级审判厅、地方审判厅、高等审判厅和大理院。在司法审级上实行四级三审制,即:向初级审判厅起诉的案件,不服,可上诉到地方审判厅直至高等审判厅;
向地方审判厅起诉的案件,不服,可上诉到高等审判厅直至大理院。

3、《钦定宪法大纲》。

清末预备立宪的一部宪法性文件,光绪三十四年颁布,中国法制史上首部近代宪法意义的法律文件。大纲的内容基本抄自1898年日本帝国宪法。共二十三条,分正文和附录两部分。

4、《十九信条》。

清末预备立宪的一部宪法性文件。辛亥革命爆发后不久制定和通过。在体例与内容上不同于《钦定宪法大纲》。

5、《大清民律草案》。

《大清民律草案》是旧中国起草的第一部民法典,但由于清政府很快被推翻而未颁布。共五编,分别是总则、债权、物权、亲属、继承。总则、债权、物权三编由日本法学家起草,采用资本主义的民法原则。亲属和继承两编由修订法律馆会同礼学馆起草,沿袭中国封建制法律的原则。

6、《大清现行刑律》。

沈家本根据《大清律例》删改而成《大清现行刑律》。它取消吏、户、礼、兵、刑、工诸律目,把继承、分产、婚姻、田宅、钱债等纯属民事的条款分出,不再科刑,以示民、刑有别。同时废除了凌迟等酷刑,用罚金取代了笞刑和杖刑。它是一部在新刑律颁布以前的过渡性法典。

7、《大清新刑律》。

   沈家本主持制定《大清新刑律》,由日本法学家冈田朝太郎等起草。它是旧中国颁布的第一部刑法典,采取了资产阶级的刑法体例和原则。在体例上,分总则和分则两篇,刑名分主刑和从刑两种。

在刑法原则上,采取了资产阶级的"罪行法定"的原则。

形考任务十二

一.填空题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.太平天国的纲领性文件有两部    、    。《天朝田亩制度》 《资政新篇》

2.天平天国根据“人人不受私,物物归上主”原则规定了经济上的  制度。圣库

3.天平天国制定了体现男女平等的婚姻法律,宣布:“凡天下婚姻   ”。

不论财

4.太平天国的乡官保举制度规定:“举得其人,保举者     ;
举非其人,保举者    ”。

受赏 受罚

5.太平天国的刑罚种类有     、     、      。死刑 杖刑 枷刑

二.单项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.《天朝田亩制度》根据“人人不受私,物物归上主”原则,废除了( C )

A.专制主义  B.尊卑等级  C.私有制  D.酷刑

2.太平天国定都南京后制定的刑事法典是( D )

A.《十款天条》  B.《行营规矩》  C.《资政新篇》  D.太平刑律

3.“有田同耕,有饭同食,有衣同穿,有钱同使,无处不均匀,无人不保暖”的理想规定在( A )中。

A.《天朝田亩制度》  B.《资政新篇》  C.《十款天条》  D.《太平刑律》

4.太平天国的结婚证书称作( D )

A.质剂  B.红契  C.傅别  D.合辉

5.太平天国后期的施政纲领是( B )

A.《天朝田亩制度》  B.《资政新篇》 C.《十款天条》 D.《太平刑律》

三.多项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.太平天国的立法指导思想( ABC )

A.朴素的平等平均思想  B.基督教义

C.封建主义思想     D.资本主义思想

2.太平天国刑事立法包括( ABCD )

A.《太平刑事》  B.《十款天条》  C.《太平条规》  D.天王及各王的诏令

3.太平天国的死刑执行方式包括( ABCD )

A.点天灯  B.五马分尸  C.剥皮  D.桩沙

4.太平天国法制的局限性表现在以下方面( ABC )

A.立法上没有先进的指导思想  B.法律中存在着落后的内容

C.司法上有神明裁判的落后表现 D.法律中存在着落后的内容

5.太平天国刑事立法的主要内容包括( ABCD )

A.镇压反革命分子  B.打击刑事犯罪分子

C.坚决取缔妖书邪说  D.实行严刑峻法

四.简答题(共25分)

1、《天朝田亩制度》的简要情况。

太平天国的基本纲领,它规定了平等平均的土地制度,描绘了农民理想社会的蓝图,确认了太平天国中央与地方政治的统治政体,并提出了太平天国的其他一些制度。

形考任务十三

一.填空题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.《中华民国临时政府组织大纲》规定的政体是      ;
《中华民国临时约法》规定的政体是       。总统制 责任内阁制

2.《中华民国约法》又称        。袁记约法”

3.南京国民政府《特种刑事案件诉讼条例》规定,经司法警察官署移送的“危害民国”案件,法院可径行判决,且不得       。上诉

4.《中华民国临时政府组织大纲》规定,       是国家立法机关。参议院

5.《中华民国临时政府组织大纲》规定,     是全国最高审判机关。临时中央审判所

二.单项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.辛亥革命后制定的《中华民国临时政府组织大纲》共四章( A )条

A.21  B.20  C.22  D.24

2.袁世凯在北京就任临时大总统的时间是1912年( B )

A.2越10日  B.3月10日  C.2月15日  D.3月15日

3.南京临时政府制定的《中华民国历史约法》宫( C )章

A.五  B.六  C.七  D.八

4.蒋介石借助( D )登上了总统的宝座。

A.五.五宪草  B.五.五宪草修正案

C.《中华民国宪法草案修正案》 

D.《中华民国宪法》

5.北京政府的审判机构除了有特别法院、普通法院外、还有( B )

A.军事法院  B.兼理司法法院

C.中央法院  D.地方法院

三.多项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.《中华民国临时约法》第四条规定,由下列( ABCD )机构行使统治权。

A.参议院  B.临时大总统  C.国务院  D.法院

2.北京政府恢复了封建法制,重新使用( AD )

A.笞刑  B.杖刑  C.凌迟  D.遣刑

3.北京政府的审判机构大体分为( ABCD )

A.平政院  B.兼理司法法院

C.特别法院  D.普通法院

4.南京国民政府普通法院分为三级,包括( BCD )

A.特征刑事法院  B.地方法院  C.高等法院  D.最高法院

5.《中华民国临时约法》为了限制袁世凯专权而做出的具有针对性的规定包括( ABD )

A.实行责任内阁制  B.扩大参议院职权

C.规定了《人民》一章  D.规定了严格的修改程序

四.简答题(共25分)

1、《中华民国临时政府组织大纲》。

它是南京临时政府的组织法,1911年12月3日由各省都督府的代表在汉口签名公布,共四章二十一条。主要内容有:规定临时政府的组成;
规定临时大总统的产生和职权;
规定临时参议院的产生和职权;
规定行政各部的建制。在中国历史上第一次规定了中央行政机关实行总统制。各地代表依照《中华民国临时政府组织大纲》选举孙中山为南京临时政府大总统。

2、袁记约法。

 即《中华民国约法》。它是由袁世凯组织的"约法会议"起草、审议和通过的,于1914年5月1日公布施行,共十章68条。由于它以确认袁世凯的专制独裁统治为全部内容,所以被称为"袁记约法"。

3、试述北洋政府时期的法律特点。

 第一、特别法优于普通法。北洋政府的法律大体分两类:一普通法,指在全国范围内普遍适用的法律,如《暂行新刑律》;
二特别法,指用于特定时期、特定地点、特定人或事的法律,如《陆军刑事条例》。

第二、恢复封建法制。

第三、军法会审重于其他审判机构。北洋政府的审判机构大体分三种:一为特别法院,二为普通法院,三为监理司法法院。特别法院名目繁多,但主要是军法会审。

4、简述南京国民政府的特种刑事法庭。

 南京国民政府的特种刑事法庭,分为两级:一是中央特种刑事法庭(设于首都南京,隶属于司法部);
二是高等特种刑事法庭(设置地点由司法行政部指定)。特种刑事法庭审理案件,采取合议制,判决不得上诉或抗诉。因此,这种制度是典型的法西斯的审判方式。

形考任务十四

一.填空题(每小题5分,共25分)

一、填空题

1.我国历史上中国共产党领导人民制定的第一部宪法性文件是     。《中华苏维埃共和国宪法大纲》

2.抗日民主政权刑事立法的基本原则是      ;
      ;
反对威吓报复,

        原则。镇压与宽大相结合 贯彻保障人权 实行感化教育

3.陕甘宁边区创设的司法民主的审判方式称作       。马锡五审判方式

4.解放战争时期解放区刑法原则的重大发展是明确是明确规定了:    、    、

     。首恶者必办 胁从者不问 立功者受奖

5.解放战争时期的《五四指示》颁布于      的5月4日。1946年

二.单项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.工农民主政权时期最具代表性的刑事法规是( A )

A.《中华苏维埃共和国惩治反革命条例》  B.《抗日时期惩治盗匪条例》

C.《五四指示》  D.《危害军队及妨害军事工作治罪暂行条例》

2.工农民主政权时期适用时间最长的土地法是(C  )

A.《井冈山土地法》  B.《兴国土地法大纲》

C.《中华苏维埃共和国土地法》  D.《中国土地法大纲》

3.《中国土地法大纲》颁布于( A )

A.1947年  B.1937年  C.1946年  D.1948年

4.解放战争时期创设的刑种是(  A)

A.管制  B.拘役  C.褫夺公权  D.罚金

5.在政权组织方面实行“三三制”原则的宪法性文件是( B )

A.《陕甘宁边区宪法原则》

B.《陕甘宁边区施政纲领》

C.《华北人民政府施政纲领》

D.《中华苏维埃共和国宪法大纲》

三.多项选择题(每小题5分,共25分)

1.工农民主政权的刑罚种类有( ABCD )

A.死刑  B.监禁  C.没收财产  D.褫夺公权

2.抗日民主政权刑事立法规定的主要罪名有( BCD )

A.反革命罪  B.汉奸罪  C.破坏坚壁财物罪  D.盗匪罪

3.抗日民主政权刑罚中的从刑包括( CD )

A.训诚  B.没收财产  C.褫夺公权  D.罚金

4.抗日民主政权调节制度的原则是(  ACD)

A.自愿  B.或调解或诉讼  C.合法  D.不是诉讼必经程序

5.土地革命初期(1927-1931年),根据地制定的土地法规有( BCD )

A.土地法草案  B.井冈山土地法  C.兴国土地法  D.关于土地问题决议案四.简答题(共25分)

1、工农民主政权初期、中期、后期土地立法的内容特点。

(1) 土地革命前期(1927年底至1928年底)的土地法,主要是《井冈山土地法》、《土地问题决议案》等。规定没收一切土地归苏维埃政府所有,基本上采取"以乡为单位","以人口为标准,男女老幼平均分配"的方法。

(2)土地革命中期(1929年初至1931年秋)的土地法,主要有《兴国土地法》,规定"没收一切公共土地及地主阶级的土地归苏维埃政府所有";
《土地暂行法》,规定没收土地交给农民使用,组织大规模的农场或集体农庄,实行集体生产;
《中央军事委员会土地法》规定没收豪绅、地主、富农和祠堂庙宇的土地,分给无地少地农民使用。

(3)土地革命后期(1931年秋至1934年底)的土地法主要是1931年11月颁布的《中华苏维埃共和国土地法》,基本内容是:彻底废除封建土地剥削制度;
明确规定了对于没收土地财产的分配办法;
关于土地所有权的问题,依然是规定"土地与水利的国有"。

国开(中央电大)本科《中国法制史》网上形考(任务1至12)试题及答案篇2

国开(中央电大本科《理工英语3》网上形考(单元自测1至8试题及答案
国开(中央电大本科《理工英语3》网上形考(单元自测1至8试题及答案
单元自测1 形考任务试题及答案
题目为随机,用查找功能(Ctrl+F)搜索题目
[题目]— Could you please connect me with the HR Department? — _______ [答案]Hold on a minute, please. I"ll put you through. [题目]I have never read a book that is ______ than Harry Potter. [答案]more intereting [题目]The _____ question is much more different than this one. [答案]sixth [题目]— Could you give me your phone number? — _______ [答案]Sure. My phone number is 135-5674-5633. [题目]— What"s your major please? — _______ [答案]Sure. My phone number is 135-5674-5633. [题目]— Hello, may I speak to Henry? — _______ [答案]This is Henry speaking. [题目]— If you"re short-listed for the interview, we"ll ring you by Friday. — _______ [答案]OK,Madam.I"m looking forward to hearing from you. [题目]Going green ____ have to be a challenge. [答案]doesn"t [题目]Hold on a minute, please. I"ll put you _____ . [答案]through [题目]Placing a job advertisement on an online job board is _____. [答案]sostly [题目]There are ______ of ways to make your house look greener. [答案]plenty [题目]There are ______ students in Class One than in Class Two. [答案]more [题目]This garden is three times as ______ as that one. [答案]big [题目]What matters is how your house looks and how it_____ you and others residing in it. [答案]affects [题目]You don"t have to start over from ______. [答案]scratch 二、完形填空:阅读下面的短文,选择合适的内容将短文补充完整。
TOP 3 GREEN HOME INNOVATIONS [答案]D.There are many things you can do to reduce carbon emission and help to make the earth a better place for future generations. Here are a few suggestions. [答案]EAlthough LED lamps cost more money than standard incandescent or compact fluorescent bulbs do at the beginning, these long-lasting LED lamps will eventually be worth the money because of nergy saved. LED lamps also produce a cleaner, more natural light. [答案]C.Wateris a hot topic, especially in the Southwest. Household water filters are now
1
国开(中央电大本科《理工英语3》网上形考(单元自测1至8试题及答案
available to clean and reuse water from showers and baths. Gray water reuse systems redirect the used water from washing machines to lawns or gardens. [答案]B
[答案]A. Building materials and embellishments like paint and carpets can emit chemical compounds into the atmosphere, and because a home is an enclosed space, those compounds can sometimes accumulate to dangerous levels. Installing a whole-house air purification system is one way to keep indoor air clean and circulating. Going green doesn"t have to be a challenge. A home is a long-term investment. You don"t have to start over from cratch. Make small changes. Choose environmentally friendly paint or LED bulbs. Chances are that your home will need improvements eventually.Whenever possible, choose upgrades that will reduce your carbon footprint. It"s good for the planet, and it"s good for you. A. In recent years indoor air pollution has got a lot of attention. B. Air Purification C. Water Recycling D. In the last decade a growing number of people were interested in conserving energy and preserving the environment by living green E. LED Lighting 二、阅读理解:阅读下面的短文,根据文章内容进行判断,正确写T错误写F。
FIVE TIPS TO MAKE YOUR HOUSE LOOK GREENER There are plenty of ways to make your house look greener. It doesn"t matter how many people reside in your home. It doesn"t even matter what is the size of your home. What matters is how your house looks and how it affects you and others residing in it. It is very necessary to make your house look greener because it has a direct impact on your health. If you keep your house greener, you will get rid of many dangerous diseases. Here are some ways to keep it greener. 1. GOOD AND RELIABLE INTERIOR Indoor material, like windows, doors, cupboards, etc. must be of good quality. These things play an important role to clean the house. Doors and cupboards must be of high quality wood. Aluminium windows must be used. You must use high-quality paints for walls, doors, windows and cupboards. 2. USING WIDER WINDOWS AND DOORS FOR VENTILATION. Oxygen is a necessary element to enable you to live alive. For healthy life, windows and doors must be wide and usually be kept open at least for 15 hours a day, as ventilation of air makes you fresh and healthy. 3. PLACING PLANTS ESPECIALLY FLOWERS AT VARIOUS PLACES No one wants an empty house, and plants definitely play a refreshing role. First, the plants provide you with oxygen necessary for survival. Second, plants and especially flowers spread heart-attracting fragrance. All unhealthy odors are eradicated from your home and you feel fresh whenever you are inside it. Flowers also make your home interior look more appealing. 4. DISPOSING OFF WASTES AWAY FROM HOME REGULARLY It"s very important to throw away household wastes far from your house every day. When wastes are kept untouched for many days, they attract bacteria and viruses. Flies and mosquitoes also start gathering and increasing at such places. As a result, diseases are caused. 5. USING ANTI-BACTERIAL MATERIALS FOR WASHING FLOORS AND CONTENTS
2
国开(中央电大本科《理工英语3》网上形考(单元自测1至8试题及答案
Usually unclean fans, floors and walls breed bacteria and viruses, which are then carried by flies and mosquitoes. These carriers then infect the humans by contact through contaminated food or direct attacks on human body. It"s always recommended to use anti-bacterial or anti-viral cleaners for fans, floors, walls, laptops, and TVs. 1. A green home is closely related with the size of your home. [答案]F 2. A green home does good to your health. [答案]T
3. The quality of indoor materials is of great importance to keep the house clean. [答案]T 4. Household wastes should be thrown away daily. [答案]T 5. Flies and mosquitoes breed bacteria and viruses. [答案]F
单元自测2 形考任务试题及答案
题目为随机,用查找功能(Ctrl+F)搜索题目
[题目]____ trying to beat back the rising flood, innovative amphibious buildings can adapt to the rising flood. [答案]Instead of [题目]— Could you recommend some famous architectural buildings to visit in China? —
_______ [答案]I highly recommend the Bird"s Nest. [题目]— To be exact, what should I wear for the interview? —
_______ [答案]You should wear formal clothes for the interview. [题目]— Well, may I know how long the training will be? —
_______ [答案]It will last six months. [题目]— What does your company specialize in? —
_______ [答案]Our company specializes in flood-proof development. [题目]— What is the training about? —
_______ [答案]It is about the latest flood-proof design of hours. [题目]A _____ designer is needed. [答案]full-time [题目]It was the Louvre Pyramid_____ brought him worldwide fame. [答案]that [题目]My first ____ is the Taj Mahal because it is a teardrop of love. [答案]recommendation [题目]Of the two architectural designs, I think this one is _____. [答案]better [题目]Our company specializes _____ architectural design. [答案]in [题目]Pei was the son of a ____ banker. [答案]prominent [题目]We will ____ you later. [答案]contact [题目]Well, the design manager is ____ by your CV and he wants you to be in his team. [答案]impressed
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国开(中央电大本科《理工英语3》网上形考(单元自测1至8试题及答案
[题目]You do not mind____long hours, do you? [答案]working 二、听力理解:请听下面的对话,根据对话内容进行判断,正确为T,错误为F。
u2-Task%203.mp3 1. Mary is receiving Henry. [答案]T
2. Henry will work in the Personnel Department. [答案]F 3. Henry does mind working long hours. [答案]F
4. Henry often took quite a few courses each semester in school. [答案]T 5. Henry didn’t do any part-time job when he was at school. [答案]F
二、阅读理解:阅读下面的短文,根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
capsule hotels, each guest stays in a small sleeping space called capsule. It measures about 2 meters in length and1 meter in both width and height. It is a type of hotel first developed in Japan intended to provide cheap, basic overnight accommodation for guests who do not require the services offered by traditional hotels. Facilities differ, but most include a television and wireless internet connection. There are many buttons in the capsule. One turns on the light, one turns on the TV, one controls the channels. There is a radio and an alarm clock built in. The open end of the capsule can be closed, for privacy, with a curtain or a fiber glass door. Luggage is stored in a locker. Clothes and shoes are sometimes exchanged for a yukata and slippers on entry. Washrooms are communal. Guests are asked not to smoke or eat in the capsules. Some hotels also provide restaurants (or at least vending machines, pools, and other entertainment facilities. Capsules are used primarily by men. Some capsule hotels offer separate sections for male and female guests. The benefits of these hotels are convenience and price, usually around ?2000-4000 (USD 25-50 a night. They provide a place for those who may be too drunk to return home safely. About 30% at the Capsule Hotel were unemployed or underemployed and were renting capsules by the month. It was first offered to salary men who had missed the last train home, but now it is also popular with travelers from all over the world. Therefore, it"s going to gain more popularity. 1. The space of each capsule is quite【】. [答案]C. limited 2. Most capsules are not equipped with【】in the small sleeping space. [答案]B. washrooms 3.Capsule hotels were first developed in【】. [答案]A. Japan 4.The benefits of these hotels do not include【】. [答案]B. comfort 5.The writer has a【】attitude towards capsule hotels. [答案]C. neutral 二、阅读理解:阅读下面的短文,根据文章内容进行判断,正确写T错误写F。
AMPHIBIOUS ARCHITECTURE: FLOOD-PROOF HOME DESIGNS Instead of trying to beat back the rising flood, innovative amphibious buildings can adapt to the rising flood. These buildings are ready for whatever Mother Nature might throw at them– even 10-foot floodwaters. Let"s take a look at just two of them. THE UK"S FIRST AMPHIBIOUS HOUSE The UK"s first amphibious house is located on the Thames River. And the first amphibious building in Britain will be completed soon. Baca Architects designed this home for a couple
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国开(中央电大本科《理工英语3》网上形考(单元自测1至8试题及答案
who wanted to live on a flood-prone island, an island easy to be attacked by floods, in the Thames River. This building is equipped with a terraced landscape. And this terraced landscape acts as an early warning system when the waters are rising. The terraces will be filled with water before the ‘wet dock’ under the house does, and then the home itself will slowly rise to stay above the water. SOLAR POWERED FLOATING SCHOOL IN NIGERIA Residents of Makoko in Nigeria have been building houses on stilts for generations. People there go from one house to another by canoe. As sea levels are rising, officials threaten to tear down the entire community. If these houses are tore down, 250,000 people will be homeless and have to look for a new place to live. Architects found a solution in floating structures with improved sanitation conditions. The first completed example is a three-storey solar-powered school. This amazing floating school addresses social, physical and ecological needs. Built on top of 256 recycled blue barrels, the school buildings are made of triangular bamboo and wood. Makoko"s residents made full use of their skills when building these structures. With three levels, the solar-powered high school has room for 100 local kids and recycles rainwater to flush the toilets. And the cost for the whole school structures was under $7,000. 1.Innovative amphibious buildings have adaptation to the rising flood. [答案]T 2.The first amphibious building in Britain has been completed. [答案]F
3.250,000 residents of Makoko in Nigeria will be homeless if officials tear down their houses. [答案]T
4.The first completed floating school has three floors. [答案]T
5.In the opinion of the writer, the cost for the floating school was quite high.[答案]F
单元自测3 形考任务试题及答案
题目为随机,用查找功能(Ctrl+F)搜索题目
[题目]____ trying to beat back the rising flood, innovative amphibious buildings can adapt to the rising flood. [答案]Instead of [题目]— Could you recommend some famous architectural buildings to visit in China? — _______ [答案]I highly recommend the Bird"s Nest. [题目]— To be exact, what should I wear for the interview? — _______ [答案]You should wear formal clothes for the interview. [题目]— Well, may I know how long the training will be? — _______ [答案]It will last six months. [题目]— What does your company specialize in? — _______ [答案]Our company specializes in flood-proof development. [题目]— What is the training about? — _______ [答案]It is about the latest flood-proof design of hours. [题目]A _____ designer is needed. [答案]full-time
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国开(中央电大本科《理工英语3》网上形考(单元自测1至8试题及答案
[题目]It was the Louvre Pyramid_____ brought him worldwide fame. [答案]that [题目]My first ____ is the Taj Mahal because it is a teardrop of love. [答案]recommendation [题目]Of the two architectural designs, I think this one is _____. [答案]better [题目]Our company specializes _____ architectural design. [答案]in [题目]Pei was the son of a ____ banker. [答案]prominent [题目]We will ____ you later. [答案]contact [题目]Well, the design manager is ____ by your CV and he wants you to be in his team. [答案]impressed [题目]You do not mind____long hours, do you? [答案]working 二、听力理解:请听下面的对话,根据对话内容进行判断,正确为T,错误为F。
u3-Task%203.mp3 1. Milk cartons are unburnable trash. [答案]F
2. Everyday Henry can leave his rubbish outside as he wishes. [答案]F 3. Plastics would harm the environment if you were to burn them. [答案]T 4. You can leave batteries and clothes once every week. [答案]F
5. Henry can just leave all his rubbish outside his apartment without putting them into a bag. [答案]F
二、听力理解:请听下面的对话,根据对话内容进行判断,正确为T,错误为F。
u3-Task%205.mp3 1. The Belgian city of Ghent has declared Mondays meat-free days. [答案]F
2. The livestock sector has become one of the top two or three most significant contributors to the most serious environmental problems. [答案]T 3. The author is a complete vegetarian. [答案]F
4. According to the passage, people who eat less meat will be easily sick. [答案]F
5. There aren"t many vegetarian dishes in the restaurant mentioned in the passage. [答案]F
单元自测4 形考任务试题及答案
题目为随机,用查找功能(Ctrl+F)搜索题目
[题目]_______is well known, Shanghai is a big city. [答案]As [题目]— What do you think of your new computer? — _______ [答案]It is really fantastic. [题目]— How long is this cell phone guaranteed? — ______ [答案]You can refund it in 7 days and exchange it in one year. [题目]— I have just got an iPad as my birthday gift. — ______ [答案]Congratulations !

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国开(中央电大本科《理工英语3》网上形考(单元自测1至8试题及答案
[题目]— I want to look for a smart phone priced about 1000 Yuan. Do you have some to recommend? — _______ [答案]Of course,Please take a look at this one. [题目]— It is a little expensive for me. Can I have a discount? — ______ [答案]The price has been reduced by 50%.It is a real bargain. [题目]He characterized briefly the main ______in the world today. [答案]trend [题目]He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam. [答案]which [题目]I am interested in novels______by Hemingway. [答案]written [题目]Milton ______the glass to his lips. [答案]raise [题目]Most of the artists ______ to the party were from South Africa. [答案]invited [题目]Prices of daily goods______online can be lower than store prices. [答案]bought [题目]The company has______$10 million for advertising. [答案]budgeted [题目]The store will______5% for cash payment. [答案]discount [题目]This will make computer games more ______ than ever. [答案]interactive 二、阅读理解:阅读下面的短文,根据文章内容进行判断,正确为T,错误为F。
The fridge is considered necessary. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food list appeared with the label: Store in the refrigerator. In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, 1 was fed well and healthy. The milkman came every day, the grocer, the butcher (肉商, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times each week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus(剩余的 bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. Many well-tried techniques already existed -- natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling... What refrigeration did promote was marketing --- marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the world in search of a good price. Consequently, most of the world"s fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the rich countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house -- while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. The fridge"s effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been not important.
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国开(中央电大本科《理工英语3》网上形考(单元自测1至8试题及答案
1. The statement In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. suggests that the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fifties. [答案]F 2. The author says that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges because people had effective ways to preserve food. [答案]T
3. Consumers benefited the most from fridges according to the author? [答案]F 4. What refrigeration did promote was food-preserving. [答案]F 5. The author is critical to fridges. [答案]T
二、听力理解:请听下面的对话,根据对话内容进行判断,正确为T,错误为F。
u4-Task%203.mp3 1. They are talking about a camera. [答案]F
2. You can find a mobile phone in any of latest MP4. [答案]F 3. The new cell phone is just like a pad. [答案]T
4. Digital devices are becoming bigger and harder to carry. [答案]F 5. The cell phone generally has memories of over 512 MB. [答案]T
二、阅读理解:阅读下面的短文,根据文章内容从A、B、C、D三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
An e-book(also referred to as an electronic book,e-book,or e-bookis a digital version of a print book that you download and read. But if you want to read an e-book, you must have an E-book Reader, which is a kind of free software used by your computer. Make sure you have installed the appropriate Reader before you download your e-book from the Internet. The software allows you to turn the words on the screen into the size you like. It also helps you turn pages and change your viewing options. E-books are a fun alternative to regular books. You can download them to any computers and create your own library of hundreds of titles. If you load them onto your portable computer,you can take them with you when you travel. Some e-books are even interactive! Best of all,when you order an e-book,there is no waiting and no shipping charges. The amount of time it takes to download your e-book depends on the speed of your connection and the size of your e-book. 1. From this passage,we learn that an e-book【】. [答案]D. can be read when special software is installed 2. The E-book Reader is used for【】. [答案]A. reading an e-book you’ve downloaded 3. From this passage,we can learn that【】. [答案]A. you can read an e-book on a laptop when you travel 4. Which of the following statements is TRUE?【】
[答案]C. The downloading time is decided by the e-book"s size. 5. The passage is mainly about【】. [答案]B. a new kind of book—the E-books 单元自测5 形考任务试题及答案
题目为随机,用查找功能(Ctrl+F)搜索题目 [题目]The book you ordered is not. [答案]available
[题目]_____ Mr Zhang said is quite right. [答案]What [题目]_______ had the bell rung _______ the students took their seats. [答案]Hardly;
when [题目]— Have you ever shopped online?

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国开(中央电大本科《理工英语3》网上形考(单元自测1至8试题及答案
— ______. [答案]Quite often .It is very convenient,saving me a lot of time. [题目]— I have no idea about where to buy a present for my friend, can you give me some advice? — ______ [答案]Taobao may be a good choice for you. [题目]— So kind of you to recommend such a good website for shopping. — _______. [答案]My pleasure [题目]— Would you like to join us to shop online? — ______, but I should finish my homework first. [答案]I"d love to [题目]— You always shop online. Is it really reliable? — __________ [答案]Good luck to you. [题目]All these measures will dramatically the development of the western areas in China. [答案]boost [题目]Having an education from a school will make you realize your dream and get recognition. [答案]reputable [题目]He with his wife on household expenses. [答案]dispute [题目]It was not _______ he took off his glass ____I realize who he was. [答案]until;
that [题目]We must ______unnecessary expense. [答案]eliminate [题目]We must put _____ into practice. [答案]what we have learned [题目]We sent the injured to the hospital_______ the accident happened. [答案]immediately 二、听力理解:请听下面的对话,根据对话内容进行判断,正确为T,错误为F。
u5-Task%203.mp3 1. Both of them like online shopping very much. [答案]F
2. Being cheap is one of the reasons for online shopping. [答案]T
3. Henry is a big fan of digital products, so he likes sitting in front of the computer all day. [答案]F
4. Henry will go to the department store with Sally. [答案]T 5. Both of them will visit the computer store. [答案]F
二、阅读理解:阅读下面的短文,根据文章内容从A、B、C、D三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
While there are still many people who don"t feel comfortable using a credit card to buy over the Internet, e-commerce is absolutely here to stay. If you take a few precautions buying over the Internet can actually be safer than using your credit card in a restaurant. Just as you should notice your surroundings and suspicious-looking people when withdrawing (提取 money from an ATM, you should know how to recognize the warning signs of Internet tricks and take steps to avoid being a victim when shopping online. Here are some good tips to remember when shopping online: Before submitting your personal information to a site, try to find out how the information
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国开(中央电大本科《理工英语3》网上形考(单元自测1至8试题及答案
may be used and whether it will be sold to or shared with other businesses. If you don"t like what you read, shop somewhere else. Don"t provide personal information such as address , telephone number, social security number , or e-mail address unless you know who you are providing the information for, why it" s being requested , and how it will be used . Use a credit card, not a debit card (借记卡 for shopping on the internet. Debit cards don"t have the same protection as credit cards. Carefully review your credit card and bank statement each month for unknown charges and inform your credit card company or bank immediately if you notice any charges you didn"t know about. Clean your computer with free online software that detects spy-ware and install a firewall (防火墙 to ensure the sites you shop on don" t install spy-ware on your computer. 1. While shopping online, you should【】
[答案]C. find out how the personal information willbe used 2. According to the passage, if you find your credit card has unexplained charges, you should 【】
[答案]A. tell your credit card company as soon as possible 3. The underlined word precaution in Paragraph One means something done to【】. [答案]B. protect you against loss or possible dangers 4. What is not advised by the writer when shopping online? 【】 [答案]C. Visiting famous websites. 5. What" s the writer" s purpose in writing this passage? 【】 [答案]C. To tell us how to shop safely online. 二、阅读理解:阅读下面的短文,根据文章内容进行判断,正确为T,错误为F。
It is amazing to note that the Internet is still such a new device,and yet it is one of the fastest and most powerful media tools. But think about it for a moment. On the Internet,a big online company can be run by only two guys in their garage. So it is only reasonable then,that people shopping online would be a little leery of the security levels. Internet giants such as Microsoft knew consumer confidence was the key to getting virtual(虚拟的 shopping off the ground,and they work hard to make people feel safe to shop online. Credit card companies,too,quickly saw the potential for online shopping,and have installed things like online shopping insurance for people. If you ever have a problem with your online credit purchases,many credit card companies will happily refund(退还 your money and then set their claws on the company that wronged you. Now that’s buying power! There are other bonuses for online shoppers,of course. No line 1.[答案]F;

2.[答案]T;

3.[答案]F;

4.[答案]T;

5.[答案]T
单元自测6 形考任务试题及答案
题目为随机,用查找功能(Ctrl+F)搜索题目
[题目]I really appreciate __________ to help me, but I am sure that I will be able to manage by myself. [答案]your offering

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国开(中央电大本科《理工英语3》网上形考(单元自测1至8试题及答案
[题目]Society is now much more _____________ than ever before. [答案]diverse [题目]— Could you help me with this crossword puzzle, please? —_____________ [答案]Sorry I can"t. It"s too difficult for me. [题目]— Do you still like playing Majiang now? —_____________ [答案]Not at all.Ihaven"t played it for ages. [题目]— How often do you go dancing? —_____________ [答案]Every other day. [题目]— What do you think of the song? —_____________ [答案]It sounds sweet. [题目]— Let"s go to a movie after work, OK? —_____________ [答案]Never mind. [题目]He"s the best _____________ I"ve come across this season, a great player. [答案]opponent [题目]I prefer __________ to __________. [答案]driving……being driven [题目]It is necessary __________ the book immediately. [答案]for him to return [题目]It"s no use _____________ here, let"s go home. [答案]waiting [题目]She _____________ close contacts with the scientist for many years. [答案]maintained [题目]There are many ways _____________ the problem. [答案]to solve [题目]These shops _____________ to the needs of children. [答案]cater [题目]We have fully _____________ smoke alarms on all staircases. [答案]functional 二、听力理解:请听下面的对话,根据对话内容进行判断,正确为T,错误为F。
u6-Task%204.mp3 1. Judy doesn"t like to play games that require her to think hard. [答案]F 2. Henry is good at darts. [答案]T
3. Henry used to play dominos with his parents every day. [答案]F 4. Judy enjoys playing cards online. [答案]F 5. Judy is an expert at mahjong. [答案]F
二、阅读理解:阅读下面的短文,根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
In 1933, an unknown American called Clarence Nash went to see the filmmaker Walt Disney. He had an unusual voice and he wanted to work in Disney"s cartoon(动画片 film for children. When Walt Disney heard Nash"s voice, he said Stop! That"s our duck! The duck was the now-famous Donald Duck, who first appeared in 1934 in the film The Wise Little Hen. Donald lived in an old houseboat(水上住家 and wore his sailor jacket and hat.
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国开(中央电大本科《理工英语3》网上形考(单元自测1至8试题及答案
Later that year he became a star after an eight-minute Mickey Mouse film. The cinema audience liked him because he was lazy and greedy(贪婪的, and because he lost his temper(发脾气 very quickly . And they loved his voice when he became angry with Mickey"s eight nephews(侄子. Soon Donald was more popular than Mickey Mouse himself, probably because he wasn"t a goody-goody like Mickey. In the 1930s, 40s and 50s Donald and hid friends Mickey, Goofy and Pluto made hundreds of Disney cartoons. He also made educational films about the place of the USA in the world, and safety in the home. Then in 1966 Donald Duck and his voice disappeared---there were no more new cartoons. Clarence Nash died in February, 1985. But today"s children can still see the old cartoons on television and hear that famous voice. 1.When was the first Donald Duck film made?【】 [答案]B. In 1934. 2.Who was Clarence Nash?【】 [答案]B. Donald Duck’s voice
3.Where do today"s children see Donald Duck?【】 [答案]C. On television 4.The underlined word audience in the second paragraph means【】. [答案]C. the people who watch a film at a cinema 5.The underlined word goody-goody in the second paragraph means a person who【】. [答案]A. likes to appear to be faultless in behaviour 二、阅读理解:阅读下面的短文,根据文章内容进行判断,正确为T,错误为F。
A brand new _Minecraft_ game will be story-driven. The new series of _Minecraft: Story Mode_ will be set in the world of _Minecraft__,_ but it will feature an original story that combines new characters with familiar themes. It is driven by player choice. It will be a separate standalone product. The decision to make the new game community-driven is potentially brilliant. It’s interesting that feedback from the community is going to be brought into _Minecraft: Story Mode_. In a way, it echoes what _Minecraft_ is. It is a user-generated world. It’s likely that there already have been gamers on _Minecraft_ fan blogs. They have come up with theories as to how the universe was created. There could be lots of contradictory things there. But from a marketing standpoint, it makes all the sense in the world for the community of you guys are going to write this. _Minecraft_ first came out in 2009 and is probably due for an evolution of some sort. _Story Mode_ seems like a natural next step. A dedicated fan base has very high expectations. It will be satisfied with the story it is developing. There will be challenges, however. _Minecraft_ does not follow what the game industry is used to working with. It will be a completely different development scenario. It is a world with no story and starting from the beginning. As long as the _Minecraft_ story is popular and successful, that might be OK. * * The new series of game will feature a new story with unfamiliar themes. [答案]F * The new game will be combined with other products. [答案]F * The new game is community-driven. [答案]T
* The game fans can create the theories of the universe on the _Minecraft _blogs. [答案]T * Minecraft strictly follows the rules of the game industry. [答案]F

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国开(中央电大本科《理工英语3》网上形考(单元自测1至8试题及答案
单元自测7 形考任务试题及答案
题目为随机,用查找功能(Ctrl +F)搜索题目
[题目]It was a __________ relationship between the boy and the man. [答案]complex
[题目]— How do I get to the garage? I need to have my car repaired. —__________ [答案]Go down this street and turn left. [题目]— If you like I can mail the tax bill for you? —__________ [答案]That"s very kind of you. [题目]— Some cars are really expensive. —__________ [答案]Certainly they are. They burn less gas. [题目]— Sorry. I have taken your car key by mistake. —__________ [答案]It doesn"t matter. [题目]— That’s a nice car! —__________ [答案]Oh,thanks.I go it yesterday. [题目]All the mobile phones must __________ before the meeting begins. [答案]be turned off [题目]He gave the boss a report which __________ the current market. [答案]analyzed [题目]He was rushed to the hospital with __________ injuries. [答案]multiple [题目]The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______the film stars had left. [答案]to be told [题目]The organization has __________ a campaign to raise money for the election. [答案]launch [题目]The school conducted a(n __________ investigation on the accident. [答案]extensive [题目]This medicine __________ before dinner. [答案]should be taken [题目]Tom _______ have kept his promise. I wonder why he changed his idea. [答案]should [题目]What I should do is__________ the task soon. [答案]to finish 二、听力理解:请听下面的对话,根据对话内容进行判断,正确为T,错误为F。
u7-Task%204.mp3 1. Henry thinks the transportation system is simple. [答案]F
2. Julie believes more roads should be built and there will be fewer traffic jams. [答案]T 3. According to Henry, people should be encouraged to use cars. [答案]F
4. Both Henry and Julie agree that people should pay tax for using cars. [答案]F
5. According to Henry, people will be in favor of using cars less to make the air cleaner. [答案]F

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国开(中央电大本科《理工英语3》网上形考(单元自测1至8试题及答案
二、完型填空:阅读下面短文,从A、B、C三个选项中选择合适的内容将短文补充完整。
You jump into a car, tell it where you want to go then sit back and let a computer take control. It seems a dream in the future. It isn"t. In many ways such driverless cars are already with us. There is partial automation in many cars, such as intelligent braking, lane departure warning and automatic parking. The systems are there【[答案]B】cars can pretty much drive themselves. No one noticed the introduction of cruise control. We"ve got collision avoidance, and we"ll soon have automatic lane change. Improving this technology should make the roads safer. Machines are much better at following rules than humans. Driveway signs advise drivers to slow down to avoid【[答案]A】jams. They are often ignored by drivers. But it won"t happen【[答案]B】a computer. Driverless cars could also choose the best route to avoid traffic jams. Fewer jams will mean【[答案]C】 stop-start driving. Maintaining smooth and constant speeds will improve fuel efficiency. Computers could also be programmed to take the greenest route, rather than the fastest one. Under computer control, cars could also travel much closer together. They can effectively slipstream one another and use less fuel to move themselves forward. They can even form multi-car trains going【[答案]C】high speeds. However, with driverless cars on the roads, there will be potential trust issues between people and machines. We could therefore see guard rails back on the sides of pavements. This would be a backwards step. 1. A. because B. so that C. such as 2. A. creating B. to creat C. creat 3. A. with B. to C. on 4. A. more B. little C. less 5. A. over B. in C. at 二、阅读理解:阅读下面的短文,根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
In 1909 an English newspaper offered ? 1,000 to the first man to fly across the English Channel in an aeroplane. Today, modern jets cross it in minutes. But at that time it still seemed a good distance. The race to win the money soon became a race between two men. Both were very colorful. One was Louis Bleriot. He owned a factory in France that made motor car lamps. He was already well known as a pilot because he had had accidents several times. Some people laughed at him. One man said, He may not be the first to fly across the Channel but he will certainly be the first to die in an accident! But Bleriot was really a good and brave pilot. He also had many good ideas about aeroplane design. The other man was Hubert Latham. He was half French and half English. He took up flying when his doctors told him he had only a year to live. Oh, well, he said, if I"m going to die soon, I think I shall have a dangerous and interesting life now. Latham was the first to try the flight across the Channel. Ten kilometres from the French coast, his plane had some trouble. It fell down into the water and began to sink under the water. A boat reached Latham just in time. He was sitting calmly on the wing and was coolly lighting a cigarette. Bleriot took off six days later. He flew into some very bad weather and very low cloud. He somehow got to the English side and landed in a farmer"s field. When he did so, a customs (海关 officer rushed up to his plane. Planes have changed since then, but customs officers have not. Have you anything to declare? The officer demanded. 1. The story took place【】. [答案]B. in the 19th century
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国开(中央电大本科《理工英语3》网上形考(单元自测1至8试题及答案
2. Bleriot was well known as a pilot because【】. [答案]C. he had had a few accidents 3. Why did Hubert Latham want to fly across the Channel?【】 [答案]B. He knew he only had a year to live. 4. Why did the customs officer rush to the plane?【】 [答案]A. To ask if Beriot had anything to declare. 5. Do you have anything to declare? means【C】. [答案]C. Have you brought anything on which custom duties must be paid?
单元自测8 形考任务试题及答案
题目为随机,用查找功能(Ctrl+F)搜索题目
[题目]_________, he opened the car door and drove the car away. [答案]Unconsciously
[题目]_________somebody decides to break the rules? [答案]What if [题目]The law requires that everyone _________ his car checked at least once a year. [答案]have [题目]— How are you feeling? — Much better. _________. [答案]Thanks for coming to see me. [题目]— I was worried about this out-dated equipment. —_________. [答案]Yeah,it may bring a health hazed. [题目]— I"m sorry. I shouldn"t have put the printer here. —_________. [答案]Well,it"s OK. [题目]— Oh, dear! I"ve just broken a window. —_________. [答案]Don"t worrry. [题目]— I saw a car crash into the tree just now. —_________ [答案]Wow,that"s scaring. [题目]He has forgotten to_________the battery. [答案]charge [题目]He is the right person to_________such a large wine company. [答案]supervise [题目]If I had time ,__________ see that new movie at the University Theatre. [答案]I"d [题目]The organization will_________a survey about the career choices of the college graduates. [答案]conduct [题目]The question ______ by us soon. [答案]is going to be discussed [题目]The work __________ by the time you get here. [答案]will have been done [题目]This new policy will_________thousands of new jobs for the young people. [答案]generate
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国开(中央电大本科《理工英语3》网上形考(单元自测1至8试题及答案
二、阅读理解:阅读下面的短文,根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
Man is a land animal, but he is also closely tied to the sea. Throughout history the sea has served the needs of man. The sea has provided man with food and a convenient way to travel to many parts of the world. Today, nearly two—thirds of the world"s population live within 80 kilometers of the sea coast. In the modern technological world, the sea offers many resources to help mankind survive. Resources on land are beginning to be used up. The sea, however, still can be hoped to supply many of man"s needs. The list of riches of the sea yet to be developed by man"s technology is impressive. Oil and gas explorations have been carried out for nearly 30 years. Valuable amounts of minerals exist on the ocean floor ready to be mined (开采. Fish farming promises to be a good way to produce large quantities of food. The culture of fish and shellfish is an ancient skill practiced in the past mainly by Oriental people. Besides oil and gas, the sea may offer new sources of energy. Experts believe that the warm temperature of the ocean can be used in a way similar to the steam in a steamship. Ocean currents (水流 and waves offer possible use as a source of energy. Technology is enabling man to explore ever more deeply under the sea. The development of strong, new materials has made this possible. The technology to harvest the sea continues to improve. Experts believe that by the year 2000 the problems that prevent us from exploiting fully the food, minerals, and energy sources of the sea will be largely solved. 1. The major things that the sea offers man are【】. [答案]C. the food, energy sources, and minerals 2. The sea serves the needs of man because【】. [答案]C. all of the above 3. We can conclude from this passage that【】. [答案]B. the sea, in the broad sense, has not yet been developed 4. The underlined words _Oriental people_ in the fourth paragraph probably mean【】. [答案]A. the people in Asia 5. The best title for this passage is【】. [答案]C. Man and the Sea 二、阅读理解:阅读下面短文,选择合适的内容将短文补充完整。

_____ 【答案C】That"s what this material does. It is developed for the British Army. The fabric is made of yarn. The yarn can conduct electricity from a battery pack to anywhere in your clothing. It can charge your gadgets on contact. _____ 【答案B】It can carry either power or data through a soldier"s clothes, helmet, or backpack. It can gear that otherwise needs separate power sources. The materials have been field tested. But they still need to be weather-proofed. _____ 【答案E】Right now, charging up a battery still involves wires, chargers, and sockets. Inductive charging is developing. But you can not just put your phone down on any surface and start powering up. _____【答案A】And what if that could be hacked together with some kind of inductive charging? You"d be able to almost totally cut the cord with your gadgets. Yes, you"d need to charge up whatever power source you"re using now and then. But keep a pair of khakis plugged in while they hang in the closet. _____【答案D】
A. But what if your pants or jacket or bag could charge your phone, or laptop or anything
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国开(中央电大本科《理工英语3》网上形考(单元自测1至8试题及答案
else?
B. The fabric is developed by Intelligent Textiles. C. Imagine having jeans that charge your phone just by putting it in your pocket. D. It is a lot different from having to remember to plug in your phone. E. And that"s all great, but would this ever be made it into your home, and charge your phone or laptop someday?

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